The Israel-Hamas war in maps and charts

Israel-Hizbollah

Lebanon’s army has accused Israel of violating a ceasefire with Hizbollah after Israeli forces launched an air strike and shelled several Lebanese villages.

Israel said its air strike — its first since the truce came into force on Wednesday — targeted “terrorist activity” at a site used by the militant group to store rockets in southern Lebanon.

The Israeli military also fired on what it described as Hizbollah militants in multiple villages, whom it accused of “breaching the conditions of the ceasefire”, which went into effect on Wednesday after a year of conflict.

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More than 1.2mn Lebanese and around 60,000 Israelis had been displaced by the conflict, which has killed over 3,800 people in Lebanon and 140 in Israel.

The fighting was triggered when Iran-backed Hizbollah began firing into northern Israel in the days after Hamas’s October 7 2023 attack from Gaza.

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Israel-Hamas

The IDF launched air and land offensives in Gaza in response to Hamas’s deadly October 7 cross-border assault in southern Israel.

Hamas killed more than 1,200 people and seized about 250 hostages, according to Israeli officials, who say around 100 hostages remain in captivity.

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After October 7, the IDF moved into northern Gaza before sweeping south towards Khan Younis and then Rafah. More than 2mn people in Gaza have been displaced by the conflict, with many leaving Rafah and some moving to al-Mawasi or other IDF-declared “humanitarian areas”.

The death toll from Israel’s offensive in Gaza passed 44,000 in November, according to Palestinian health officials and data from UN OCHA.

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Around 640 Palestinians in the West Bank and about 1,900 Israelis and foreign nationals in Israel have been killed since October 2023, according to data from UN OCHA and Israeli human rights group B’Tselem.

Humanitarian workers inside Gaza have also faced significant danger during the conflict, with an unprecedented number being killed.

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Food and water insecurity in Gaza

The flow of aid into Gaza has hit its lowest level since the start of the war.

Aid deliveries containing urgently needed food, water and medical supplies have not been entering Gaza at their usual levels since the war began, but shortages worsened after IDF troops took “operational control” of the Palestinian side of the Rafah crossing with Egypt in May, which Cairo closed in protest at the Israeli move.

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The US built a $230mn floating pier to get more aid into Gaza, but shipments were affected by storms and poor sea conditions, leading to the project being mothballed in July.

The IPC, an international panel of experts who monitor food insecurity, has warned that the entire Gaza strip is at risk of famine, particularly in the north where Israel has blocked the entry of supplies almost completely.

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Since Israel launched its Gaza offensive, damage to infrastructure and lack of fuel and electricity have also led to a severe water shortage.

Before the war, Gaza sourced most of its water from an underground aquifer or from Israeli state-owned water company Mekorot. According to an UN OCHA report, two of the Mekorot pipelines have been closed and the third is operating only partially.

Meanwhile, only one of the six wastewater treatment plants and two out of three desalination plants are partially working.

Infrastructure damage in Gaza

According to damage assessments from researchers at the CUNY Graduate Center and Oregon State University, more than half of all buildings across the Gaza Strip have suffered damage, rising to nearly 80 per cent in Gaza City.

The damage in Khan Younis and Rafah has also increased as Israel expanded its offensive from northern Gaza to the rest of the territory.

October 7 attack

Hamas militants launched a multipronged dawn assault on Israel from the Gaza strip on October 7 2023.

The attack began in the early hours of the morning on the Jewish holiday of Simchat Torah, with thousands of rockets fired at Israeli towns and cities. Many were intercepted by Israel’s Iron Dome defence system, but satellite imagery showed fires and smoke rising from locations that were hit.

Hundreds of Hamas fighters simultaneously attacked by land, air and sea, breaching the fortified barrier between Gaza and Israel.

Militants used motorised paragliders to attack the Supernova music festival, which was taking place not far from the Gaza border. After flying in, they shot many Israelis and took others as hostages.

Armed Hamas fighters targeted Israeli communities and military sites at several locations, going door-to-door and performing execution-style killings as well as taking hostages.

More than 1,200 Israeli civilians and troops were killed on October 7, according to Israeli officials — making it the deadliest attack on the country since its foundation.

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Visual and data team: Aditi Bhandari, Jana Tauschinski, Cleve Jones, Janina Conboye, Peter Andringa, Steven Bernard, Chris Campbell, Chris Cook, Sam Joiner, Lucy Rodgers, Ian Bott, Dan Clark and Alan Smith